It is assumed that C.M. Russell had not yet been to the southwest when he created the preliminary study for this sculpture, which depicts a Hopi tribesman of Arizona. Specifically, it is thought to be a depiction of Lomanakshu, a holy man who performed the Snake Ceremony--known variously as the Water or Rain Ceremony. Russell may have been inspired by a 1903 Field Columbian Museum anthropological publication discussing the ceremony and Lomanakshu.
Native American life was a recurring inspiration for Russell's art. As a young man, he worked as a hunter, trapper, and ranch hand throughout the upper midwest and southern Alberta, Canada, and he spent some time living among the Kainai faction of the Blackfeet Nation, beginning in 1889.